There are several crucial issues that remain to be determined: type of cells (MDC vs. Despite positive results, it is obvious that more preclinical studies are needed to further optimize the procedure. Several studies on rats demonstrated that MSC transplanted into the urethral wall can result in the improved function of experimentally injured urethral sphincter (Kinebuchi et al., 2010 Corcos et al., 2011 Kim et al., 2011). Recently, much attention has been focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Results from those few studies that have already been accomplished show that autologous intraurethral MDC transfer is safe and the clinical improvement seems to be dose dependent (Peters et al., 2014). Promising outcomes have made it possible to start clinical trials. The transplantation of muscle derived cells (MDC) into the urethral wall was previously tested in small animal models (Yiou et al., 2003 Chermansky et al., 2004 Burdzinska et al., 2009). Currently, the available therapeutic approaches to improve the urethral rhabdosphincter function are limited. Growing body of evidence indicates that cell therapy can be an alternative treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), especially in women with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). Results suggest that female caprine urethra has similar parameters to those reported in human and therefore the goat can be an appropriate experimental animal for testing intraurethral cell transplantation. To conclude, presented data demonstrate that caprine MDC and MSC can be expanded in vitro in a repeatable manner even when mature or aged animals are cell donors. In the proximal part of the urethra only loosely arranged smooth muscle fibers were identified. The omega- shaped striated urethral sphincter was well developed in the middle and distal third of the urethra and its mean thickness on cross section was 2.3 mm. The mean maximal urethral closure pressure amounted 63.5 ± 5.9 cmH 2O and the mean functional area was 123.3 ± 19.4 cm*cmH 2O. Urethral pressure profile measurements revealed the mean functional urethral length of 3.75 ± 0.7 cm.
The median yield of cells after 3 weeks of culture amounted 47 × 10(6) for MDC and 37 × 10(6) for MSC. Isolated caprine muscle derived cells (MDC) were myogenic in vitro and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) population was able to differentiate into adipo-, osteo- and chondrogenic lineages. The experiments were performed in 12 mature/aged female goats. In this study, we aim to determine suitability of the goat as an experimental animal for testing intraurethral autologous cell transplantation in terms of urethral anatomy and cell culture parameters. A large animal model is needed to reliably test cell delivery methods. However, many aspects of the procedure require further optimization. Cell therapy is emerging as an alternative treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
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